The scale of the problem of replacing ‘forever chemicals’ PFAS

Nearly 15,000 substances are thought to belong to the family of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which have been linked to a range of environmental and health problems. However, these compounds have become a vital, but largely unsung, part of modern life and are used in a vast array of ways. Plans are afoot in many countries to phase out many of these chemicals, but while it is relatively simple to replace them in some products, it is much harder in others.

Electronics

PFAS have found their way into many electronics, including smartphones. This is because they’re heat resistant and flame retardant, hydrophobic, and also display thermal insulation as well as friction-reducing properties. Unfortunately, they’re particularly tricky to replace in electronic products.

Fluoropolymers have excellent resistance to strong acids and bases used to produce electronics like circuit boards. Epoxy laminates and polyimides are two possible substitutes, as well as less common options that include liquid crystal polymers, polyester, polyethylene naphthalate and ceramics, according to recent analysis by the non-profit environmental organisation ChemSec. However, the non-profit points out that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), also known as Teflon, cannot be easily substituted in printed circuit/wiring boards without a complete redesign of the equipment.

When it comes to PFAS-free options for insulating wires and cables to resist fire, corrosion, moisture and cracking, ChemSec highlights polyvinylchoride, polypropylene, polyethylene, neoprene and silicone, among other options.